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Michigan Employment Laws

Michigan is an at-will employment state with important exceptions. The Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act (ELCRA) provides broad anti-discrimination protections covering employers with just 1 or more employees — notably broader than federal Title VII. Michigan uniquely protects against discrimination based on height and weight. Sexual orientation and gender identity were added as protected classes in 2023. Michigan's minimum wage is $13.73/hour (effective January 1, 2026). The Earned Sick Time Act (2025) requires paid sick leave.

Last verified: 2026-02-25

Statute of Limitations

180 days (MDCR); 300 days (EEOC); 90 days (whistleblower)MCL § 37.2101 et seq.

ELCRA discrimination claims must be filed with the Michigan Department of Civil Rights within 180 days, or with the EEOC within 300 days. Whistleblower claims have an extremely short 90-day deadline.

Key Michigan Statutes

Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act (ELCRA)MCL § 37.2202

Prohibits employment discrimination based on religion, race, color, national origin, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, height, weight, familial status, and marital status. Applies to employers with 1 or more employees — broader than federal Title VII.

Whistleblowers' Protection ActMCL § 15.362

Protects employees who report violations of law to a public body. Extremely short 90-day filing deadline from the retaliatory act.

Minimum WageMCL § 408.934

Michigan minimum wage is $13.73/hour effective January 1, 2026 ($12.48 effective Feb. 21, 2025). Tipped minimum wage rises to 40% of general minimum ($5.49). No increase if state unemployment rate exceeds 8.5%.

Earned Sick Time ActMCL § 408.961 et seq.

Effective February 21, 2025: employees accrue 1 hour of paid sick leave for every 30 hours worked. Large employers (11+): up to 72 hours annually. Small employers (10 or fewer, effective Oct. 1, 2025): up to 40 hours.

Legitimate Expectations DoctrineToussaint v. Blue Cross, 408 Mich. 579 (1980)

If an employer's handbook, policies, or oral representations create a legitimate expectation of job security or just-cause termination, those promises are enforceable as contract terms — a significant exception to at-will employment.

Official Sources

Not Legal Advice

This information is for general reference only and does not constitute legal advice. Laws change — verify current statutes at Michigan Legislature — Compiled Laws. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed attorney.

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